Archive

For the Battery Knowledge category

Nov 21

What is the color of new energy

By adminComments Off

We eliminate fuel cars pollute the environment and research and development of new energy vehicles, but used in the production, recovery of pollution generated in the process of the battery affect human health, it worth it?

Fuel cell, hybrid, pure electric three series of battery Dell Inspiron 510M new energy vehicles, hybrid vehicles required in addition to oil, the rest do not have oil. The former use of hydrogen, the latter with electricity, it is known as green products (hybrid can cut emissions).

It is envisaged that the electricity to charge the battery from hydro, wind, sunlight [Review Photo Forum], nuclear electric power, thermal power is the power to use its valley at night. This of course, green and renewable power. Hydrogen with renewable HP Pavilion ZX5000 battery electricity production. Of course, hope that one day these ideas can become reality. Three series of cars required battery storage of electricity, or auxiliary drive car, or the main drive vehicle. Batteries are currently the industry primarily lithium battery. In the original hybrid with nickel-metal hydride battery on the main, pure electric vehicles Uehara lead-acid battery.

Now the industry for several batteries or controversial, which one is better then mixed. battery Dell Inspiron 9300 Energy ratio than lithium battery power, fast charge and discharge can quickly adapt to a very large temperature range. In recent years, a large performance increase, the cost has decreased substantially, people placed great hopes. However, there are relatively more constraints, is developing technology to be developed by research.

World reserves of 15 million tons of lithium resources, China about 390 million tons, accounting for about 28% of the world’s total, ranking second in the world. According to estimates, 1g lithium metal rechargeable batteries approximately 0.6 ~ 0.8Wh, (and synthesis of materials for the cathode, the anode material and the synthetic, and synthetic properties of the electrolyte).

To a compact car, for example, battery HP Pavilion dv7 power consumption per 100km driving about 15 kWh, continues the course [Review Photo Forum] about 150km or so, the lithium storage capacity in 30kW / h ~ 35kw / h or so, the group of lithium batteries lithium metal content in more than 50kg, equivalent to about a cell phone battery (rechargeable batteries 3.5Wh) of 10000 times. 121 Beijing Road, a large demonstration of pure electric passenger, the total storage capacity of its lithium battery is said to 160kW / h, total weight about 2 tons, and its lithium metal content is about 280kg or so.

Toyota Prius hybrid is the use of nickel-metal hydride batteries, but the storage capacity is less. Small reserves of nickel, is used in electroplating, coinage, must be made of stainless steel materials. Lead-acid batteries oldest and most mature, a lot of maintenance-free type has been widely used in electric two-wheeled vehicle, also 3C charge current charge and discharge current discharge rate can be 2 hours. Lead rich in resources, the Chinese are large, accounting for about 40% of the world’s total. However, the refining of lead metal, lead plate manufacturing, battery assembly, and recycling of waste battery TOSHIBA PA3420U-1BRS, regeneration of various aspects of the workers harmful to the environment pollution. The consequences are increasingly shows that after a century of lead-acid batteries, enduring, there is need for it, mainly used in ground storage room, a large number of used vehicles must be controlled.

Lithium, nickel-limited resources, where required too much for car battery is a throwaway, not the road to sustainable development. To lithium, nickel limited resources of oil instead, it is not wise. Lead-acid batteries can not be avoided pollution, less able to do the best. It has come to replace the pollution emissions of greenhouse gases produced internal combustion engine, an exercise is a tiger to wolf.

If we use the lithium, nickel-metal battery powered, equipped with the new energy vehicles, and this is also the industrialization of new energy vehicles, but also exported, and that this resource enough a few years? Should not be used for other purposes? (Transit buses a lithium battery to 2 tons, while the lithium Battery Dell XPS M1530 metal is about 280kg. Ni-MH battery about 4 tons, how much of its nickel-metal, no one has published data).

If we use the lead-acid battery equipment, electric cars, electric buses, and have to change a battery for one year, that big amount of amazing. Beijing bus a bus lead-acid batteries, weighing about 6 tons, a compact car to be several hundred kilograms (maintenance-free lead-acid battery storage capacity of its 35–40Wh/kg, while riding a bus if 60 people, many of its payload quality, certainly not six tons six tons of battery installed in the car with it from day camel, its technology is certainly unreasonable and undesirable.

We develop new energy vehicles (electric), to replace the oil on tight for the purpose, and to consume fewer resources of lithium battery Sony VGP-BPS5, nickel metal, this science? Feasible? We eliminate fuel cars pollute the environment and research and development of new energy vehicles, but used in the production, recovery of pollution generated in the process of the battery affect human health, it worth it?

So now if you want to use this new energy vehicles and energy storage means storage devices is necessary to explore some of the. Prototype is currently in the demonstration stage, turn too late.

Feb 28

Sound Card Base Knowledge

By adminComments Off

Since 1998, sound card interface has been shifted from the ISA PCI. Now in addition to some older machines are configured ISA sound card other than the market as early as Yishi rare sight of. PCI sound card with its fast transfer rates, low CPU utilization and better 3D sound, sony np-bg1 battery MIDI outstanding performance and won the market.

First, the basic structure of the sound card

1. Audio processing chips: the main wave to complete the sampling and synthesis WAVE, MIDI music synthesis, while mixing, effects also in its internal implementation, is the most basic parts of the sound card.
2. Game / MIDI port: for connecting joysticks, handles, steering wheel game controller outside, but can also be used to connect the MIDI keyboard and the keyboard.
3. Linear output jacks (LINE OUT): used to dealing with a good sound card input to the active speaker, headphones and amplifiers.
4. Microphone input jack (MICIN): used to connect microphones, mainly used in speech recognition, entertainment and recording and so on.
5. Linear input jacks (LINE IN): used to Walkman and other Dell inspiron 1520 Battery external devices or TV sound signals into a computer.
6. Interface, automatic telephone answering device (TAD, Telephone Answering Device): with MODEM card and software will enable computers with automatic telephone answering function.
7. Analog CD audio input (CD-IN): to drive the analog audio signal from the access.
8. Auxiliary audio input (AUX-IN): used to MPEG encoder / decoder card, TV card, DVD Decompression Card sound signal input devices such as sound cards, making the sound signals of various devices through the sound card to the speakers.
9. Digital CD audio input (CD-SPDIF): role is to receive digital audio signals from the drive to ensure that minimize sound distortion.
10. Digital daughter card expansion pin (SPDIF-EXT): used for supporting daughter card connections, digital CANON nb-2lh battery signal input and output. Can make the sound card and a dedicated digital recording equipment is connected (such as: DAT, MD), and can output AC-3 signals.

With the improvement of the overall performance of computers, people continue to pursue a more perfect music and sound effects, and thus demand more and more the sound card, sound card today, a wide range of terminology has long been the “siege”, then we to see what they really mean is it!

Second, the sound of the basic terminology

Sample median: the value of the KODAK klic-7001 battery samples or sampling. It is used to measure the sound wave changes in a parameter, that is, the resolution of the sound card. The greater its value, the higher the resolution, the ability to sound stronger. Sound the human ear due to limited precision, multi-media computer with 16-bit sound card.

Sampling frequency: the sampling frequency, means the number of times per second to obtain voice samples. The higher the sampling frequency, the sound quality is better, the more reduction of sound true, but it accounts for more resources. Because the resolution of the human ear is limited, too high a frequency can not tell the difference. In the 16-bit sound card in 22KHz, 44KHz, such as several levels, including, 22KHz audio quality equivalent to an ordinary FM radio, 44KHz is equivalent to CD sound quality, and now commonly used sampling frequency of no more than 48KHz.

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital CASIO np-20 battery Interface is short, which means Musical Instrument Digital Interface. It is an electronic musical instrument as well as between electronic instruments and computer communication between the unity agreement. Many popular games, entertainment software and have a lot to MID, RMI extension of MIDI format music files. MIDI file is a descriptive “music language”, it will play the music information to be described in bytes. For example, at a time, using an instrument, what the notes start to the end of what tone, what is to be accompanied by, and so, That MIDI file itself does not contain waveform data, MIDI files are very small. MIDI music to form the computer must be synthesized. Early ISA sound card is commonly used in FM synthesis, the “frequency modulation.” It uses the principles of sound oscillations were synthesized on the MIDI processing, due to the limitations of the technology itself, the effect is hardly satisfactory. And now is used mostly wavetable synthesis sound card, and it will first issue a variety of real musical instruments can all sounds (including all range, tone) were sampled, stored as a wave table file. During playback, MIDI file according to the information recorded music to give directions to the wave form, from the “table” in the voices one by one to find the corresponding information through the synthesis, processing it later playback. Because it uses a real instrument samples, so the effect of natural is better than FM. General Dell XPS M1530 battery wave form of the instrument sound information to 44.1KHz, 16Bit accuracy of recording, in order to achieve the most realistic playback. In theory, the wave table synthesis capacity of the larger the better. Placement based on the sample files and the special microprocessor or CPU to handle the different wavetable synthesis and is often divided into soft and hard wave form wave form.

MP3 WAV: sound files is by using a specialized algorithm for the ratio of 1 to 10, compressed into small files for storage. The WAV is a sound recording itself, so it accounts for a large hard disk space. For example: 16-bit 44.1KHz stereo sound, a minute to take about 10MB of cheap sony batteries capacity, and far more backward than MIDI.

Jan 19

10 Suggestion for Beginner, play a SLR camera performance

By adminComments Off

This holiday season you may be lucky enough to get a digital SLR camera as a gift. Perhaps, after opening the package, you want to know where to start. If you are new to SLR cameras, here there are 10 suggestions to help you to achieve the full performance of a new camera.

1. Read the instructions

I know this is boring, but read the instructions carefully can really help you the flexibility to confidently use the new camera. Understanding of the role of each function and keys, so you do not know what to do when pavilion zd8000 battery needed. Remember, your hands SLR camera than you think to do more.

2. To learn the most basic shutter, aperture and sensitivity of knowledge

Digital SLR cameras one of the most powerful in that it provides full manual control feature that allows photographers to accurately obtain a desired picture. This feature is very powerful, but it could make unprepared to face a bunch of numbers and icons for beginners to feel discouraged.

The only way to play this advantage is to learn about shutter speed, aperture and sensitivity of the basic knowledge to understand how they affect the photo shoot.

3. Turn off the automatic mode

Once you get a basic knowledge of those above, ability to access the lowest level SLR camera – the creative mode. Remain in the automatic mode allows you to shoot a decent photo, but you never really know what they receive, because it is the camera decide everything.

Recommend starting with aperture priority mode to start. In this mode, the user control the aperture, the camera automatically selects the appropriate shutter. First select a suitable environment for the speed of bp-827 battery light (low light or bright environment), and then look for a different aperture will have any effect – note the shutter speed changes.

4. Close the top of the flash

Set-top will be issued directly to the hard flash of light, destroy the atmosphere. Modern camera in low light conditions have been shooting with the amazing ability to turn off the flash to improve speed, you will be satisfied with the results.

5. Try the cheap fixed focus lens

If your camera with a kit lens, it should be is a standard zoom lens covers the most commonly used focal length range. Hedging can be used for most of the occasion, but not very good in low light conditions, image quality is also not attractive.

Canon, Nikon and Sony have a very cheap 50mm prime lens. In this lens allows you to get very shallow depth of field, use a large aperture in low light can also get a better picture quality. My old Canon 350D camera, the EF 50mm f/1.8 and plastic can get very good photos.

However, to give you a warning pavilion dv6000 adapter, these lenses will make a lot of people, “poisoned” to lead them to pursue the road of expensive lenses.

6. Take a variety of different things

Most people just getting started with SLR camera, do not know in the end the type of photographer. When I know my daughter went to shoot, then shoot the other little things, it is not right.

Scenery, sports, meetings, wildlife, still life, street shooting, has its own challenges and rewards. So try them all again and see what will make you excited. Even if you find that certain areas are not very interested, can also learn about in order to broaden their photographic skills.

7. More pictures

On the film camera, every time you press the shutter is a cost, but a digital camera for this completely free of charge. I am not suggesting “shoot around with” – before each Inspiron 6400 Battery photo shoot should seriously consider – but the more you are trained, they will learn faster.

When you’re at home, the camera is ready to go out when they can carry. Able to do so, you can find some time out to take pictures specifically.

8. With RAW shooting

Digital SLR cameras allow you to choose to file as RAW or JPEG format. JPEG photo has been handling the camera – saturation, contrast and other settings have been adjusted. RAW file will retain all the information generated by the sensor, you need your own computer for later processing.

Sounds like a JPEG file is easier to handle, but the opposite is true. RAW files give you a great deal of freedom to correct the errors in the film (especially exposure and white balance.) Apple Aperture or Adobe Lightroom post this type of software can make photo management and editing work easier.

9. Print some large-size photo

In our hard drive filled with thousands of KLIC-7001 battery photos document an era of large-size photo prints to bring the fun of the photographer is never satisfied.

Looked at photos of real physics is a special feeling, which is not felt before in the display.

Even the most low-end digital SLR cameras, and can print out excellent quality large size photographs. You can hang them at home, or make albums, there are many ways to put photos into real life.

10. Share photos

As with printing photos, online photo sharing photos is more presence to one of the ways. Such as the Flickr photo-sharing site is easy to find the audience for your work, you can also find a group and you have the same hobbies and skills of the people. Party line are often started from the Internet, you have the opportunity to find like-minded friends around me.

Summary

The main thing is to enjoy your new CANON nb-7l battery camera, hope they can do some inspiration.

Dec 31

Laptop battery’s internal structure, how to charge and discharge reasonable

By adminComments Off

Lithium-ion battery cathode material of lithium in the active compounds are usually composed of the negative is a special molecular structure of carbon. Common principal components of the cathode material LiCoO2, charging, added to the battery positive pole of the electric potential of the compound to force the release of lithium ions, embedded negative elements were arranged in the lamellar structure of the carbon. Discharge, lithium-ion from the lamellar structure of the carbon precipitation and re-cathode combination of compounds. Lithium-ion SONY NP-BN1 battery movement have a current.

Although the chemical reaction principle is very simple, but in the actual industrial production, the practical problems need to be considered much more: cathode material additives required to maintain the activity of multiple charge-discharge, anode material needed to design the molecular structure Level accommodate more lithium-ion; fill in the electrolyte between the positive and negative, in addition to maintaining stability, but also need to have good conductivity, reducing the battery internal resistance.

Although there is little lithium-ion battery memory effect nickel-cadmium batteries, memory effect is the principle of crystallization, in the lithium battery is almost not produce this reaction. However, lithium-ion battery capacity after repeated charge-discharge will continue to decline, its causes are complex and diverse. Mainly positive and negative changes in the material itself, from the molecular level, the positive and negative electrodes of lithium ion on the hole to accommodate the structure will gradually collapse, clogging; from the chemical point of view, is the passive activity of positive and negative material, there’s the other side to form a stable compounds. Cathode material physics will appear gradually falling off, etc., in short, can ultimately reduce the battery charging and discharging process of free movement of lithium-ion number.

Over-charging and over-discharge, lithium-ion EN-EL14 battery will cause permanent damage to the positive and negative, from the molecular level, can be intuitively understood, excessive discharge of carbon anode will lead to excessive release of lithium ions and makes it appear lamellar structure collapsed, over- Rechargeable lithium-ion will too hard to go into negative carbon structure, and makes some lithium-ion can no longer be released. This is also why the lithium-ion batteries are usually equipped with charge and discharge control circuit of the reasons.

Not suitable for the temperature, the internal lithium-ion battery will trigger the reaction of other chemical compounds that we do not want to see, so many positive and negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries with protection of temperature between the membrane or electrolyte additives. In the case of the battery to a certain temperature, the composite membrane electrolyte membrane hole closed or degeneration, increased battery internal resistance until the circuit, the battery will not heat up, make sure battery temperature is normal. And deep charge-discharge lithium-ion battery can increase the actual capacity of it? Experts clearly told me that this is meaningless. They even said that the so-called full charge and discharge using the first three of the “active” in their knowledge of where the two doctors, could not understand what this is necessary. But why so many people of deep charge-discharge capacity after the Battery Information in the label will change it? Will be mentioned later.

Notebook computer lithium-ion CANON NB-9L battery are generally with the management of chip and charge control chips. Management chip in which a series of registers, there is capacity, temperature, ID, charge status, and discharge times and other values. These values are in use will gradually change. Personally, I think, for use in notebook computers in the “use of one month after the full charge-discharge should be a” major role approach is to fix these registers should be properly value, making the battery charge control and battery nominal capacity consistent the actual situation. Main control chip, battery charge control the charging process. Lithium-ion battery charging process is divided into two phases, fast charge constant current phase (the battery indicator light yellow) and constant current decline phase (the battery indicator light flashes green. Constant current fast charge phase, the battery voltage is gradually increased The standard voltage to the battery, then under the control of the chip into the constant voltage, the voltage will not rise to ensure that no over-charge, current is increased gradually as the battery level reduced to 0, and the ultimate completion of charging.

Statistics chip power consumption by recording the discharge curve (voltage, current, time) can calculate the sample battery power, this is what we read about in the Battery Information wh. Value. The lithium-ion battery in the repeated use, the discharge curve may change, if the chip has been no opportunity to once again read out a complete discharge curve, the calculated power is not accurate. So we need to calibrate the battery charge-discharge depth of the chip.

Finally, I view the maintenance of the PANASONIC VW-VBG130 battery are:

1. Need not ensure that every time deliberately put off the electricity and the re-charge;
2. A period of time to do a protection circuit placed under the control of deep charge battery power to amend the statistics, but it will not improve your battery’s actual capacity.
3. Long without the battery, should be placed in a cool place to weaken its own internal passive reaction speed.
4. Protection is also able to monitor the battery self-discharge, long-term without the battery, should be sufficient to prevent certain amount of power into the battery self-discharge in storage in the discharge of excessive lead to excessive damage.

In fact, the battery is not too much to take into account the use of attention, in other words is taken into account there is not much use. How many times a battery can be used, perhaps more from differences in the manufacture of the battery itself, the individual differences, rather than use. Choose a good laptop brand reputation, is undoubtedly the future long-life SONY NP-FW50 battery one of the guarantees.

Nov 06

lithium Batteries Safety Knowledge

By admin14 Comments

Battery pack designers and engineers are responsible for performing a hazard analysis (system safety analysis) to identify the various failure modes and hazards associated with the proposed configuration and type(s) and number of batteries used. Based on this analysis, safety-related design and testing criteria are incorporated into battery pack designs. As necessary, battery pack engineers and designers also develop standard operating procedures that include methods to identify and mitigate possible battery cell and pack failures that may occur during assembly, deployment, data acquisition/retrieval, transportation, storage and disassembly/disposal.

To increase the safety margin and decrease the failure rate, the hazard analysis process should be implemented during the design phase. This can be critical for battery pack designs, where a single cell failure could give rise to an increased hazard, involving a fire with multiple cells or the entire battery pack. Numerous hazard analysis methods may be used, from simple/preliminary to more complex (Vincoli, 2006). Examples include energy trace and barrier analysis, failure mode and effect analysis, fault hazard analysis, fault tree analysis, hazard and operability study, preliminary hazard analysis and what-if analysis. The method selected should be appropriate for the system design.

Safer Battery Packs

The design of a battery pack can adversely affect the safety characteristics of individual cells. For example, a series configuration may increase the potential for subjecting cells to forced over discharge conditions and parallel strings can lead to charging currents (ECP, 2006). Battery packs should be designed to avoid conditions that lead to short-circuiting, forced over discharging, charging or heating. This can be accomplished through proper design and use of protective devices such as fuses, thermal switches, heat sinks and diodes.

Based on the hazard analysis, feasible controls can be identified and incorporated into the battery pack design The intent of incorporating feasible controls during the design phase is to increase the likelihood that the battery packs will perform reliably and safely during their entire life cycle. In general, it is more cost-effective to incorporate engineering controls during the design phase rather than after the battery packs have been fabricated.

Basic hazard controls and design recommendations that should be considered during the design phase include the following:

* Always use the same size cells in series or parallel connections. Do not mix cell chemistries and different cell sizes. Follow manufacturer’s instructions and review MSDS for the battery cells being used.

* Primary lithium battery cells should not be connected to a power source or otherwise charged. When possible, use series diodes to block any possible charging current from entering through the discharge terminal.

* Cells fabricated into a battery pack should be of the same age (lot code) and history. Partially discharged or discharged cells should not be mixed in a pack or stored with new cells.

* Thermal cutoff or resetable polymeric, positive temperature coefficient resistors can be used to limit cell temperature rise when that rise is caused by external current flow through the protective device.

* Both the surrounding thermal environment and the heat output of a battery pack and /or individual cells should be evaluated. If the hazard analysis determines that a remote means of monitoring cell temperature may be needed, devices such as thermocouples and infrared temperature sensors should be considered. For larger packs or for batteries run at high output rates, additional thermal management must be considered. For example, copper or aluminum heat sinks could be incorporated into the pack design to effectively conduct excessive heat away from the cells during discharge.

* Cells connected in series should not contain connections to cells within the string, other than for cell voltage monitoring. This will reduce the possibility of cells being unequally discharged.

* Batteries should not be encapsulated without first consulting the manufacturer.

* Battery pack construction should take into account the need for cell vents. There should be an unrestricted escape path for the fumes such that pressure does not build up in the battery pack or housing. A vent mechanism should also be incorporated in rigid housings to avoid rupture or an explosion in the event of overpressure.

* Shock and vibration requirements must be considered as well. All cells must be protected from excessive shock and vibration.

* Regulations specific to the mode of transportation (air, land, water) to be used may limit the amount of lithium in any one container. Therefore, large packs may need to be designed in a modular fashion and assembled in the field. Verify potential shipping requirements and limitations prior to the final design.

Fabrication & Storage

After the replacement laptop battery pack design is complete, the next step is fabrication of the battery packs. During fabrication, it is important to follow the design drawings and associated procedures. In accordance with quality control procedures, battery packs should be inspected at various stages of production and the proper design verified. During and after fabrication, battery cells and packs will need to be safely stored. Basic safety precautions that should be followed during battery pack fabrication and storage include the following:

* Store cells in original manufacturer’s container until they are ready to be assembled into battery packs. Store primary lithium cells in a cool, dry, wellventilated location. Significant quantities of lithium batteries may need to be isolated from flammable and combustible materials during fabrication and storage. This can be achieved with flammable-rated cabinets.

* Do not allow positive and negative leads to contact. Loose wires should not be stripped until it is time to install a connector, or the connector harnesses should be assembled before attaching them to the cell terminals. If no connector is used, wire ends should be insulated. When cutting wires, only cut one wire at a time.

* If available, use nonconductive tools and avoid placing battery cells and packs on electrically conductive surfaces.

* Do not solder directly to cell case. Only solder to the free end of solder tabs that are welded to the case.

* All digital camera battery packs should be appropriately labeled with key information such as type of battery, its voltage, temperature limit, manufacturer name and date.

Blue Taste Theme created by Jabox